Manuale d’uso / di manutenzione del prodotto 44300 del fabbricante Adaptec
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Installation and User’ s Guide Ser ial A ttached SCSI 58300, 48300, 44300 H ostRAID Contr ollers.
● 2 Copyright ©2006 Adapt ec, Inc. All rights reserved. N o par t of this publication may be re produced, stored in a r etrie val system, or transm itted in any form or by an y means, electronic, mechanical, photoc opying , rec ording or otherw ise, without the prior w ritten con sent of Adapt ec, Inc.
● 3 Adaptec Customer Suppor t If yo u have questions about installing or using y our Adaptec pr od uct, check this document first— you will find answers to most o f your q uestions. If you need further assistance, use the support options listed belo w .
● 4 Limited 3-Y ear Hardw are W arranty 1. Adaptec, Inc. (“Adaptec”) warrants to the pur chaser of this product that it will be free from defects in material and workman sh ip for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase.
● 5 Regulator y Compliance Statements Federal Communications Commis sion Radio F requency Interference Statement W ARNING: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly appr oved by th e party responsible for compliance co uld void the user’ s authority to operate the eq uipment.
Contents About This Guide What You Need to Know Before You Begin ................................................... 11 Terminology Used in this Guide ...................................................................... 11 How to Find More Information .
Contents ● 7 Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives Before You Begin ............................................................................................... 24 Installing the HostRAID Controller ..................................
Contents ● 8 Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager Features .............................................................................................................. 45 Overview ..................................................................
Contents ● 9 Using the ARC Utility Introduction to the ARC Utility ....................................................................... 63 Running the ARC Utility .................................................................................. 63 Creating and Managing Arrays .
1 About This Guide In this chapter ... W hat Y ou N eed to Kno w Before Y ou Begin .......................................................................... 11 T erminolog y U sed in this Guide ........................................................
Chapter 1: About This Guide ● 11 What Y ou Need to Kno w Before Y ou Begin Y ou should be familiar w ith compu ter hardwar e, data storage, Redundant A r ray of Independent Disks (RAID) technology , and th e input/output (I/O) technology—SAS—used by y our HostRAID contr oller .
2 About Y our HostRAID Controller In this chapter ... HostRAID C ontroller Featur es ................................ .............................................................. 13 U pg rading the HostRAID Contr oller Firmwar e ....................
Chapter 2: About Y our HostRAID Controller ● 13 HostRAID Controller F eatures ● Flash R OM for updates to contr ol ler firm ware Adapt ec Flash U tilit y (AFU), BIOS, and the Array Configuration U tility (ACU). ● E vent logging and broadcasting, including messaging for alphanumeric pagers.
Chapter 2: About Y our HostRAID Controller ● 14 About the Adaptec SAS 58300 Contr oller The Ad aptec SAS 58300 is a low-profile PCI-X t o 8-Phy SAS 1.
Chapter 2: About Y our HostRAID Controller ● 15 About the Adaptec SAS 48300 Contr oller The Ad aptec SAS 48300 is a low-profile PCI-X t o 8-Phy SAS 1.
Chapter 2: About Y our HostRAID Controller ● 16 About the Adaptec SAS 44300 Contr oller The Ad aptec SAS 44300 is a low-profile PCI-X t o 4-Phy SAS 1.
3 Kit Contents and System Requirements In this chapter ... Kit C ontents ................................................................................................................... ... ...... 18 Syst em Requir ements ..........................
Chapter 3: Kit Contents and System Requirements ● 18 Kit Cont ents ● Ad aptec SAS HostRAID contr ol ler ● HostRAID I nstallation CD (bo otable), in clud ing controller driv ers, and this Gui de .
4 Getting Star ted In this chapter ... Choosing a RAID Level .......................................................................................................... 20 Selecting Disk Drives ................................................ .........
Chapter 4: Getting Star ted ● 20 Choosing a RAID Lev el This section pro vides a br ief ov erv iew of the RAID levels supported by your H ostRAID contr oller , including the minimum and maximum n umber of disk drives requir ed by each. RAID 0 (N on-redundant Array) —Str ipes data across multiple disk driv es.
Chapter 4: Getting Star ted ● 21 Depending on your r equirements, you can use any of these cables: Ad aptec recommends using only A daptec SAS cabl es.
Chapter 4: Getting Star ted ● 22 Installing on an Existing Operating System 1 Install and co nnect your contr oller and internal disk drives (see page 23 ). If y our controller has an e xternal connector , you can connect e xternal disk drives as well (or instead).
5 Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives In this chapter ... Before Y o u Begin ............................................................................................................... ..... 24 Installing the H ostRAID Controller ..
Chapter 5: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives ● 24 Before Y ou Begin ● Read the Safe ty Infor mation on page 77 . ● Fa m i l i ar i ze yo u r s e lf w i t h y o ur H os t R A ID c o nt r o l le r ’s p hy s ic a l f e at u re s a n d t he R A I D l e v e l s that it suppor ts (see page 12 ).
Chapter 5: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives ● 25 Connecting Disk Drives t o HostRAID Controllers Y ou can connect SAS disk driv es, SA T A disk drives, or a combination of both t o your Ho stRAID controller . There are no jumpers or switches to set befor e installation.
Chapter 5: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives ● 26 Connecting t o a System Backplane In a backplane connection, disk drives and SAS car ds are attached to and c ommunicate wi th each other thr ough a system backplane. The number of disk driv es is limited to the number of slots a vailable on the backplane.
Chapter 5: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives ● 27 Installing the Controller t o a SAS Expander Y ou can use a SAS edge expander t o connect multiple disk drives to your Ho stRAID controller o r m u l t i pl e co n t ro l l e r s.
6 Creating a Bootable Ar ra y In this chapter ... Setting the Boot Controller ........................................................................... ......................... 29 Creating an A r ray ................................................
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array ● 29 Setting the Boot Controller Note: If your system won't contain more than one bootable controllers, skip this section.
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array ● 30 Creating an Arra y with Adaptec S torage Manager This section describes how to use the A daptec Storage Ma nager configuration wizard to build a RAID 0, 1, or 10 array . Note: Y ou will need the HostRAID Installation CD to complete this task.
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array ● 31 7 Review the information that is displayed. Note: Adaptec Storage Manager uses the term lo gical drives when refer ring to arrays (see page 11 ). In the follo w ing figure, A daptec Storage M anager has used two equal-sized disk driv es to automaticall y create one logical drive with RAID 1.
7 Installing the Driver and an Operating System In this chapter ... Before Y o u Begin ............................................................................................................... ..... 33 Creating a Driv er Disk ...................
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 33 Before Y ou Begin ● Install and c onnect your Ho stRAID controller and in ternal disk drives (see page 23 ). ● Cr eate a bootable array (see page 28 ). ● Creat e a driver disk (see next section).
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 34 4 Insert the drive r disk, then wait until you ar e prompted t o install a driver . 5 Pr ess S to specify that the dr iv er is on a floppy disk, then press Enter . The comput er reads the disk.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 35 Installing with NetW are Y ou w ill need y our NetW are Installation CD to co mple te this task. T o install the dr iv er wh en installing NetW are: 1 Re star t yo ur computer , then install N etW are.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 36 Installing with SCO OpenSer ver Y ou w ill need the SCO OpenServer CD to c omplete this task. T o install the driv er when installi ng OpenSer ver: 1 Insert the Op enSer ver Installation CD .
8 Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System In this chapter ... Before Y o u Begin ............................................................................................................... ..... 38 Creating a Driv er Disk ...........
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System ● 38 Before Y ou Begin Before y ou begin, install and connect your H ostRAID contro l ler and int ernal disk dr iv es (see page 23 ). Y ou must also create a driv er disk (see next sect ion) befor e you begin installing the controller driver .
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System ● 39 4 Follo w the on-screen instructions t o complete the driv er installation. 5 Re move the driver disk and restart your computer . 6 Contin ue w ith M anaging Y our Stor age Space on page 41 .
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System ● 40 Installing with SCO OpenSer ver T o install the dr iv er on OpenSer ver: 1 Start your co mputer , then insert the driver disk. 2 Begin the dr iv er package installer: # pkgadd -d d iskette1 OR # pkgadd -d d iskette1 adp94xx 3 At th e in s ta l le r pro m pt , t y p e go .
9 Managing Y our Storage Space In this chapter ... About A daptec Storage M anager ............................................... ............................................ 42 Installing A daptec Storage Manager ....................................
Chapter 9: Managing Y our Storage Space ● 42 About Adapte c Storage Manager Ad aptec Storage Manager is a full-featur ed softwa re application that helps you build a storage space for y our online data, using HostRAID contro llers and disk dr iv es.
Chapter 9: Managing Y our Storage Space ● 43 About the ARC Utility The Ad aptec RAID Configuration (ARC ) utilit y is a BIOS-based utility that you can use t o create and manage controllers, disk driv es and other devices, and arrays.
10 Under standing Adaptec Storage Manager In this chapter ... Featur es ....................................................................................................................... ...... ...... 45 Overview .................................
Chapter 10: Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager ● 45 Fe a t u r e s Y ou can use Adapt ec Storage Manager to: ● Creat e, verify , modify , and delete arrays ● A dd and remov e hot spares ● V.
Chapter 10: Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager ● 46 Physical De vices View This view displays info r mation about the driv es, enclosures, and othe r physical devices attached to the c ontroller .
Chapter 10: Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager ● 47 Collapsed and Expanded Views Y ou can display a c ollapsed or expanded v iew of the syste m configuration. Initially , Storage Manager d isplays a collapsed t extual view of the configuration inf or mation in bo th the Logical dev ices and Ph ysical dev ices views.
Chapter 10: Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager ● 48 Component Views W hen you click a ph ysical or logical de vice in the dev ice views, the related c omponents are hi ghli ght ed in t he oth er view .
11 Solving Problems In this chapter ... T roubleshooting Chec klist ..................................................................................................... 5 0 Rec overing fr om a Disk Dr iv e Failur e ...................................
Chapter 11: Solving Problems ● 50 T roubleshooting Checklist If y ou encounter difficulties installing or using y our HostRAID c ontroller , check these items first: ● W ith your comput er powered off, c heck the connections to each disk driv e, the power supply , the LED connect or , and so on.
Chapter 11: Solving Problems ● 51 F ailed Disk Drive Not Prot ected b y a Hot Spare W hen an array is not protect ed by a hot spare, if a disk driv e in that ar ray fails, r emove and replace the failed disk driv e. The controller detects the new disk driv e and begins to rebuild the arra y .
A Introduction to SAS In this chapter ... T erminolog y U sed in This Chapter .............................................................. ......................... 53 W hat is SAS? ...................................................................
Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 53 T erminology Used in This Chapter For c onv enience, SAS H ostRAID contr ollers are referred t o generically in this chapter as SAS cards . HB As, HostR AID controllers, di sk dr iv es, and external disk dr iv e enclosures ar e referred to as end de v ices and expa nders are referr ed to as expander de vices .
Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 54 As sho w n in the following figure, SAS devices contain ports which contain ph ys (see next section), and each phy c ontains one transmitter and one recei ver—one tr ans ceiv er . A phy can belong to one port only .
Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 55 What’s a SAS Address? Each SAS por t is ident ified w ith a unique SAS add ress, whi ch is share d by all phys on th at por t. For example, a SAS disk driv e mig ht hav e two narro w por ts. Each port has one unique SAS address.
Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 56 Direct-attach Connections In a direct-attach c onnec tion, SAS or SA T A disk driv es are connected directly t o a SAS card with SAS cables. One disk dr iv e is attached to one SAS connect or w ith one SAS cable (or multiple disk drives ar e attached to one SAS connector with one fan-out cable).
Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 57 The following figure illustrates (in v er y basic terms) a SAS domain and sho ws how SAS cards, SAS and SA T A disk dr iv es, and expander devices can fit together in a large data st orage topol og y .
B Under standing RAID In this chapter ... RAID T echnolog y Ove r v iew .................................................................................................. 59 RAID 0 (N on-RAID Arr a ys) .................................................
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 59 RAID T echnology Over view RA I D i s th e te ch no l og y o f g r ou pi n g se ve ra l physica l d r iv es i n a co m pu te r i n to an array that y ou can define as one or more logical drives. Each logical drive appears to the operating system as a single drive.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 60 W hen selec ting a RAID level for y our system, consider the following factors. Ph ysical dr iv e utilization, read performance, and wr ite performance depend on the number of drives in the array . Generally , the more drives in the array , the better the performance.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 61 RAID 1 Arra ys A RAID 1 array is built fr om two disk driv es, where one disk driv e is a mir ror of the other (the same data is stored on each disk driv e). Comp ared to independent disk drives, R AID 1 ar rays pro v ide impr oved performance, with twice the read rate and an equal write rate of sing le disks.
C Using the ARC Utility In this chapter ... Introduction t o the ARC U tilit y ...................................................................................... ...... 63 R unning the ARC U tilit y.................................................
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 63 Introduction t o the ARC Utility The AR C utilit y comprises these tools: ● The Array Configuration U tility (ACU ) —Used t o create, configur e, and manage arr ay s, and initialize and r escan disk drives.
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 64 T o assign properties to the new array: 1 In the Array P roperties menu, select an array ty pe, then press Ent er . Only the available ar ray types, RAID 0, 1, and 10 are display ed. RAID 0 and 1 requir es two to four drives.
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 65 ● W he n migr ating from singl e volume to RAID 0, mig rat ing from a larger dr ive to a smaller drive is allo wed.
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 66 Deleting Arra ys Cautio n: Back up the data on an array b efore you delete it. Otherwise, all data on the array is lost. Deleted arrays cannot be restored. T o delete an existing ar ray: 1 From th e ACU m en u, s el ec t Manag e Arr ays .
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 67 Managing Bootab le Arrays an d Devices Select the Man age r B oo t Unit option t o add or remo ve a bootable array or single drive.
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 68 7 At th e pro m pt , se l ec t Ye s to exit, then pr ess any k ey to restart the comput er . Any change s you ma de i n S er i al Select tak e effect after the c omputer restarts.
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 69 F ormatting and V erifying Disk Driv es Y ou can use the disk utilities to low-level format or ve r ify your disk drives. (N ew disk drives are lo w-level formatted at the factor y and do not need to be lo w-le vel formatted again.
D Using the AFU for DOS In this chapter ... Introduction .... ............................................................................................................... ........ 71 R unning the AFU from the GUI....................................
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● 71 Introduction The AFU is a DOS utility used to update, sa ve, or v erify the HostRAID contr oller’ s firm ware BIOS. The AFU is easy to use and c ontains safeguards to pr e vent y ou from accidentally damag ing the Ho stRAID controlle r’ s flash conte nts.
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● 72 T o access the AFU: 1 Shut do w n your o perating system and reboot t o DO S fro m a bootable MS-DOS floppy disk or fr om a D OS partition on a bootable driv e. ( Y ou can use the drive c onnected to the HostRAID c ontroller y ou are updating .
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● 73 SA VE The SAVE command saves the contents of a H ostRAID controller’ s flash in a UFI file. The name of the UFI file is based on the HostRAID contr oller t yp e and cannot be changed.
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● 74 UPD A TE The UPDATE comm and up date s a Ho stRA ID cont roll er’ s fl ash comp one nts from t he fla sh image data in a UFI file. Y ou can use the UPDATE command t o update a single HostRAID controller’ s flash components or to update mu ltiple HostRAID contr ol lers on your c omputer .
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● 75 Example The following example shows a ty pical system response aft er a VERIFY comman d has been performed: A:> AFU VERIFY /C 0 Adaptec Flash Utility V1.0-0 B140 6 (c)Adaptec In c. 1999–2005. All Ri ghts Reserved.
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● 76 5 If y ou hav e multiple HostRAID c ontrollers only—A t the DOS prompt, type afu list, then press Enter . This command displa ys the Adaptec SAS H ostRAID controllers in y our system.
E Safety Infor mation T o ensure your personal safety and the safet y of your equipment: ● K eep yo ur wo rk area and the comput er clean and clear of debris.
F T echnical Specifications In this chapter ... Envir onmental Spe cifications ................................................................................................ 79 DC P ower R equirements ................................................
Appendix F: T echnical Specifications ● 79 Environmental Specif ications Note: Forced airflow is reco mmended, but not required. DC Po wer Requirements Current Requirements Relative humidity 10% to 90%, noncon densing Altitude up to 3,000 meters Ripple and noise 50 mV peak-to-peak (max) DC V oltage 3.
Glossary A activity See task . ACU Arr a y Config uration Utility . An applicat ion used to create, co nfigure, and manage ar rays fr om the controller’ s BIOS or MS-D OS. array A logical d isk creat ed from available space and made up of one or more segments on one or more ph ysic al disks.
Glossar y ● 89 build Background initiali zation of a redundant array . The arr a y is accessible thr oughout. RAID 1 copies th e cont ents of the pr imary dr iv e to a secondary drive.
Glossar y ● 90 disk ID U nique disk identifie r that consists of the cha nnel number , SA T A ID . For example, (c hannel:ID:L UN) 1:04:0. See channel . drive LED Disk indicat or LED that illuminates during read or write operations. E event N otification or alert from the syst em, indicating that a change has occurr ed.
Glossar y ● 91 L legacy disk Disk that contained a valid partition table when conne cted t o the controller . The controller manages the disk as a legacy disk arr a y where there is a one-t o-one logical-to-physical mapping of arra y to disk.
Glossar y ● 92 R RAID R edundant Ar ray of I ndependent Disks (alternative definition R edundant Array of Inexpensiv e Disks). RAID 0 A single-level arr a y consisting of two or more equal- siz ed se gments residing on different disks. RAID 0 distributes data evenly across its respectiv e drives in equal-sized sections called stripes.
Glossar y ● 93 stripe size The amount of data in eac h section of a strip ed array . striped array See RAID 0 , RAID 10 . T task An operation that occurs only on the RAID c ontroller , asynchronous t o all other operations; for example, initializing a disk or v erify ing an array .
Index A ACU creating arrays 63 Adaptec Flash Utility. See AFU Adaptec RAID Configuration Utility. See HRCONF Adaptec Storage Manager installing 42 AFU 43 Array Configuration Utility.
Index ● 95 P performance tuning selecting a RAID level 60 stripe-unit size 59 phys 54 R RAID definition 59 performance tuning 60 RAID 0 60 RAID 1 61 RAID 10 61 recovering from disk drive failure Red Hat driver installation 39 Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
A daptec, Inc. 691 South Milpitas Boulevard Milpitas, CA 95035 USA ©2006 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved. Adaptec and the Adaptec logo are trademarks of Adaptec, Inc.
Un punto importante, dopo l’acquisto del dispositivo (o anche prima di acquisto) è quello di leggere il manuale. Dobbiamo farlo per diversi motivi semplici:
Se non hai ancora comprato il Adaptec 44300 è un buon momento per familiarizzare con i dati di base del prodotto. Prime consultare le pagine iniziali del manuale d’uso, che si trova al di sopra. Dovresti trovare lì i dati tecnici più importanti del Adaptec 44300 - in questo modo è possibile verificare se l’apparecchio soddisfa le tue esigenze. Esplorando le pagine segenti del manuali d’uso Adaptec 44300 imparerai tutte le caratteristiche del prodotto e le informazioni sul suo funzionamento. Le informazioni sul Adaptec 44300 ti aiuteranno sicuramente a prendere una decisione relativa all’acquisto.
In una situazione in cui hai già il Adaptec 44300, ma non hai ancora letto il manuale d’uso, dovresti farlo per le ragioni sopra descritte. Saprai quindi se hai correttamente usato le funzioni disponibili, e se hai commesso errori che possono ridurre la durata di vita del Adaptec 44300.
Tuttavia, uno dei ruoli più importanti per l’utente svolti dal manuale d’uso è quello di aiutare a risolvere i problemi con il Adaptec 44300. Quasi sempre, ci troverai Troubleshooting, cioè i guasti più frequenti e malfunzionamenti del dispositivo Adaptec 44300 insieme con le istruzioni su come risolverli. Anche se non si riesci a risolvere il problema, il manuale d’uso ti mostrerà il percorso di ulteriori procedimenti – il contatto con il centro servizio clienti o il servizio più vicino.
